Emerald stone characteristics

Diamonds Diamonds are known as rare metals and are made up of carbon.The carbon atom is surrounded by four other carbon atoms connected by strong covalent bonds.The diamond is one of the harshest known natural materials.It is also chemical resistant, excellent thermal conductor, and has special optical properties such as high Refractive index, high dispersion, and high luster, these unique characteristics have made this mineral one of the most popular gemstones in the world, and in this article we talk about the mineral and its source. [1] But this information Coal has no role in the formation of diamonds, since most of the diamonds that are dated are older than the first wild plants on Earth and are considered sources of coal. The real sources of natural diamonds are four that can be summarized as follows: [2] Deep volcanic eruptions geologists believe Diamonds are formed in the mantle layer under very high temperatures and pressures, and are transported to the surface of the earth by deep volcanic eruptions that leave behind pipes called kimberlite and lamberite tubes, which are sought by diamond miners. Diamond residue where diamonds and pieces of stones are pulled very quickly to the surface, called xenoliths, and may be loaded with diamonds. Because of the tectonic plate movements, one of the convergent plates slides from each other and is forced into the mantle layer, and because it has fallen down, it will be subjected to increased pressure and temperature. Find the diamond in me

Around the craters and craters caused by asteroids colliding with the Earth's surface, they produce enormous force, pressure and very high temperatures when they collide.These conditions are sufficient to form diamonds, especially if the target rocks contain carbon. Meteorites, Russia, as well as small diamonds were found in Metor Criter, Arizona. [2] NASA researchers found large numbers of nano-diamonds in some meteorites, with 3 percent of the carbon in these meteorites turning into meteorites. These diamonds These diamonds are thought to have formed in space during high-speed collisions and other powerful events. These diamonds are very small and used as precious stones or industrial abrasives. For example, Smithsonian researchers found large numbers of tiny diamonds when they cut a sample of the Allen meteorite

. [2] Diamond-producing countries Seven countries have led the world to diamond production for more than a decade, producing more than one million carats annually, depending on production: Russia, Botswana, Canada, Angola, and South. Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Namibia, there Other countries produce less than 1 million carats per year and have less market control than the previous group, depending on the amount of production: Australia, Ghana, Guinea, Guyana, Lesotho, Sierra Leone, Togo and Zimbabwe. [3] America is a standardized method for assessing the quality of a stone, known as the 4Cs of Diamond Quality.The 4Cs are due to the following factors: color, cut

, clarity, and carat weight. Carat Weight), where the quality of a diamond stone is determined by these four factors as follows: [1] Color: The diamond A high-quality color ranging from yellow to colorless, but colorless diamonds are more valuable and considered the highest price, and there is a category of diamonds increasingly popular are stones colored in colors such as red, pink, yellow, purple, blue, green, brown, and value These stones are determined by the density, purity and quality of the color. Clarity: Ideal diamonds are free from fractures, impurities and foreign particles inside; this reduces the appearance of the stone, as well as interfering with the crossing of light through the stone, and when they are in large quantities, dark colors, and places or sizes clear, will reduce the quality of the stone and reduce the value in addition To minimize the strength of the stone itself. Cutting: What determines the appearance of diamonds is the craftsmanship used in cutting diamonds in addition to the quality of the design, and the corners of the cut and the proportions of design and the quality of polishing determine its appearance and brilliance and sparkle and the emission of light from it, the ideal diamond stone is well polished, in addition to equal size of the faces, and match the shape, The edges of each face exactly match the edges of the adjacent faces. Carats: Diamonds are usually sold in carats, which is equal to 1/5 grams or 1/142 ounces, and the smallest diamonds are less carat weight, because small stones are abundant, and large stones are very rare. Other uses of diamonds The use of diamonds is not limited to jewelry and jewelery, but has other uses that we will recognize as follows: The domes of high-quality loudspeakers are built to help enhance their performance due to the hardness of diamonds, as the diamond improves vibration. Windows made of thin-film diamonds, which are used to cover openings for lasers, X-ray machines, and vacuum chambers. These windows are transparent, durable and resistant to heat and corrosion. The manufacture of thermal dispersants, materials that absorb or transfer excess heat, diamonds have a high thermal conductivity